What fallacies are committed in the following passages? Explain.
1. How can anyone seriously believe in evolution? I certainly don’t. How can you take seriously a theory that claims humans are just monkeys with less hair and that our ancestors were apes?
2. A recent study showed that students who cram immediately before examinations usually get lower grades than those who do not. Well, I certainly won’t make that mistake this term. I’m not even going to open a book during the exam period.
3. If you don't get to bed early, you'll be too tired to do well on the GRE tomorrow. If that happens, you won't get accepted into a decent graduate school. You’ll end up a washed-out alcoholic living in a trash-bin.
4.Two weeks after they put fluoride in St. John’s water I got sick. I had a fever and couldn’t keep solid food down. So, I switched to drinking bottled water and I recovered in a day or so. That fluoridated water is dangerous stuff.
5.War is the only way of stopping Saddam Hussein. After all, sanctions haven’t worked at all.
6. If the police knew that Bobo had a motive for the crime then he would be a suspect. But the police do not know that Bobo had a motive, therefore he's not a suspect.
7. Undemocratic societies kill the human spirit. The reason is clear: unless the people have the power in their society, the human spirit withers.
8. Darwin's theory of evolution is just that, a theory. Theories are just speculation with no evidence behind them. We don't want our children to learn theories with no evidence behind them, so we shouldn't allow the theory of evolution to be taught in school.
9. Anyone who teaches philosophy is an obnoxious freak, so that obnoxious freak over there must be a philosophy teacher.
10. What Peter Singer said about us needing to give more to charity can't be right. After all, Singer is just another one of those obnoxious freaks.